I figure this is a good topic: Differant formulas relating to Photography you should know.
Here's one that's important called the “Sunny 16 Rule".
This rule basically says that the normal exposure for a normal picture taken on a bright and sunny day is f/16 with a shutter speed of 1/ISO (1 over the ISO rating - so for ISO 100 than the shutter is 1/100).
This gives you the starting point to adjust all the numbers in the directions needed for more light, less light, or equalization.
More info on this rule is on my blog at
http://www.uebelhart.net/index.php?p=93 where I go into some detail about what f/stop, shutter speed, and ISO mean in relation to each other for light exposure.